Articles
Frequency and Relationship between Changes in Some Blood Factors and Acute Radiation-induced Skin Complications among Head and Neck Cancer Patients in Sanandaj in 2017”
Kamel Abdi
Background: Head and neck cancers account for 2 to 5% of body cancers and radiotherapy is one of the treatments for these conditions. Destroying cancer cells without damaging healthy cells around the tumor is very difficult. Cancer cells eventually die after repeated injuries by radiation in various treatment sessions, but unlike cancer cells, repair and replacement of normal cells happens between treatment sessions. In these patients, the most important complications are skin and blood complications. The occurrence of these complications may cause interruption of treatment by physicians’ order or patients’ request. Discontinuation of treatment may result in disturbance of tumor cells destruction that is the main purpose of radiotherapy. The high prevalence of head and neck cancer that are candidate for radiotherapy, and the increase use of electron beam therapy have made the occurrence of acute skin reactions and reduction of blood factors inevitable. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 60 patients include 22 female and 38 male patients who underwent neck and head radiotherapy from March 2017 to March 2018 in Sanandaj, west of Iran. For this purpose, by assessing the weekly blood tests, we evaluated blood cells changes. The rate and intensity of acute skin complications were recorded according to the RTOG ( radiation therapy oncology group) scoring system. Then, the collected data were entered into SPSS version 20 and ANOVA test was used for analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The evaluation of 60 patients' tests revealed that blood factor changes happen during radiotherapy. Mitotic catastrophes occur in blood cells and bone marrow suppression happens concurrently and without replacement. Regarding the radiation-induced skin complication, there is not a notable complication in the first weeks (first and second weeks), but from the late third week, these complications begin to manifest and continue to the tenth week, then the intensity mitigate and acute complications recover and became mild. In this study, the intensity of complications depends on the total and fractional delivery schedule doses. Conclusion: skin complications and blood factor changes occur during radiotherapy frequently. The changes of different blood factors are not the same and some of them can undergo decrease whereas increment happens in others.
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Body Mass Index in Relation to Exposure of Bullying Attempts and Suicidal Ideation among Saudi Adolescents Female Students
Body Mass Index in Relation to Exposure of Bullying Attempts and Suicidal Ideation among Saudi Adolescents Female Students
Najla Barnawi , Farida Habib , Rahaf Alajmi, Shatha Al-Mutiri
Background. Evidence indicates that obese or overweight female adolescents are more at risk of experiencing bullying and some degree of violence during their school life. Aim. The study aims to assess the relationship between female adolescents' BMI with the level of bullying and suicidal ideation, and other socio-demographic factors. Methods. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study targeted 985 female students from eight National Guard (NG) middles and high schools. A self-administrative questionnaire (SRST and CABS) was used to collect demographic and anthropologic measurements. Results. The result indicated a statistically significant positive relationship in terms of bullying and BMI with suicide risk among the adolescent students (P=0.000), suicide risk in parents’ education (mother-education r= 0.112, P=0.000 and father-education r= 0.097, P=0.002 respectively), and adolescents' BMI and age, father education, and family income P=0.000. P=0.033 and P=0.000, respectively. Conclusion. The risk of bullying and suicide risk are higher among obese and overweight female adolescents.
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Desarda repair no Mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia (A study of 2793 patients)
Desarda repair no Mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia (A study of 2793 patients)
Dr. Pedro Rolando Lòpez Rodrìguez, Dr. Eduardo Garcia Castillo , Dra. Olga Caridad Leòn...
Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of Desarda repair no mesh and Lichtenstein repair for inguinal hernia. Patients and
Methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled trial study of 2793 patients having 2936 hernias operated from January 2002 to December 2020.1434 patients were operated using Lichtenstein repair and 1359 using Desarda repair. The variables like age, sex, location, type of hernia, tolerance to local anesthesia, duration of surgery, pain on the first, third and fifth day, hospital stay, complications, re-explorations, morbidity and time to return to normal activities were analyzed. Follow up period was from 1-10 years (median 6.5 years).
Results: There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, location, type of hernia, and pain in both the groups. The operation time was 53 minutes in Desarda group and 43 minutes in the Lichtenstein group that is significant (p<0.05).The recurrence was 0.4 % in Desarda group and 0.4 % in Lichtenstein group. But, there were 14 cases of infection to the polypropylene mesh in the Lichtenstein group, 7 of this required re-exploration. The morbidity was also significantly more in Lichtenstein group (5,1 %) as compared to Desarda group (3.1 %). The mean time to return to work
in the Desarda group was 8.26 days while a mean of 12.58 days was in the Lichtenstein group. The mean hospital stay was 29 hrs. In Desarda group while it was 49 hours in the Lichtenstein group in those patients who were hospitalized.Conclusions: Desarda repair scores significantly over the Lichtenstein repair in all respects including re-explorations and morbidity. Desarda repair is a better choice as compared with Lichtenstein repair.
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Exercise and Non-Communicable Diseases: Part I Cardiovascular Diseases, Respiratory Diseases, Obesity, Depression, Liver Diseases
Exercise and Non-Communicable Diseases: Part I Cardiovascular Diseases, Respiratory Diseases, Obesity, Depression, Liver Diseases
Shashi K. Agarwal
Physical activity has established itself as a major risk factor for many chronic diseases. Individuals who lead a sedentary life have higher morbidity and mortality. Exercise, a subcategory of physical activity, is usually planned and structured involving large muscle groups. It is a major recommendation from all professional health associations to prevent and beneficially modulate the course of several chronic diseases. There are also emotional benefits and exercising individuals experience a better quality of life. This manuscript discusses the beneficial effects of exercise on five major non-communicable diseases, namely cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, obesity, depression, and liver diseases.
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Exercise and Non-Communicable Diseases: Part II Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, Kidney Diseases, Alzheimer’s Disease, Arthritis
Exercise and Non-Communicable Diseases: Part II Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, Kidney Diseases, Alzheimer’s Disease, Arthritis
Shashi K. Agarwal
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading global cause of death and disproportionately afflict those living in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, including eating a high-quality diet, non-smoking, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity, and drinking alcohol in moderation, have been associated with a lower risk of NCDs, a decline in worsening, and a reduction in associated mortality. The first part of this two-part series discussed exercise and its effects on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, obesity, depression, and liver ailments. This second part discusses the deleterious effects of smoking on five non-communicable diseases, viz., cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and arthritis. This manuscript highlights the benefits of exercise, in reducing the incidence, progression, and premature mortality of NCDs.
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