Articles
Clinical Perception, Demographic Profile With PC Among Adolescents With Substance Use Disorder
Clinical Perception, Demographic Profile With PC Among Adolescents With Substance Use Disorder
Niaz Mohammad Khan, MSI Mullick, Sharmin Hussain
Background: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in adolescents, is a condition in which the use of one or more substances leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. It is a significant public health problem globally with a higher burden in low and middle-income countries. Objective: To find out the clinical perception, demo-graphic profile with pc among adolescents with substance use disorder. Methods and Materials: This descriptive and observational study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2016 to September 2018. Participants 75 (seventy five) Psychiatric Comorbidity among Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder patients included in the study. Data collection of Central Drug Addiction Treat-ment Centre (CDC), Tejgaon, Dhaka and AshoktiPunorbashonNibash (APON),Singair, Manikganj, Bangladesh. Adolescents withSubstance Use Disorder aged between 11 to 17 years. Only male patients were taken as the sample because the above-mentioned treatment facilities do not provide service for the female adolescents. There are two groups of substance-related disorders: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Results: The present study aimed at assessing the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among adolescents with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) included a total of 70 adolescents. Over half (60%) of the respondents were <15 years old, and 40% of the respondents were >15 years age. The mean age of the respondents was 13.2 ± 2.1years, and the range was 11-17 years. More than three-quarters (81.4%) of the respondents were Muslim and 14.2% Hindus. Most of the patients (45.7%) had more than one psychiatric disorder diagnosed. Regarding the specific disorder diagnosed Conduct Disorder was 31.4% and different socio-demographic features were collected like age, education level, family income, religion, family type, and family members and their relationships with the presence of psychiatric disorders was calculated. None showed a significant relationship. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that clinical Perception, demographic profile of adolescents with SUD have a high rate of other comorbid psychiatric disorders. Understanding the relationship in etiological perspective and variables which influences the problem will help to provide intervention services for adolescents affected by SUD. Further epidemiological studies are needed to get a more representative result.
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Trend And Pattern Of Antibiotic Practice In Paediatric Surgery In Bangladesh
Trend And Pattern Of Antibiotic Practice In Paediatric Surgery In Bangladesh
Mohammad Mahabubul Alam, Mohammad Saiful Islam, Shamsuzzaman Khan, Mafia Afsin Laz
Introduction: Antibiotics are frequently over prescribed, misused or inappropriately used both in developed or developing countries. The extent and pattern of inappropriate use is well documented in developed countries but such studies are few in developing countries like Bangladesh. Objective: To find out trend and pattern of antibiotic practice in paediatric surgery in Bangladesh Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out on 260 paediatric patients of 0-15 years age range, to find out the pattern of antibiotic practice in pediatric practicing hospital and different clinic of Cumilla, Bangladesh. All the patients were studied after categorization into i) Clean ii) Cleancontaminated iii) Contaminated and iv) Dirty wounds according to their potentiality of post-operative wound infection. Total period of antibiotic practice was divided into a. Pre-operative (Up to the day before operation) b. Per-operative (during or just before operation) c. Post-operative (days after operation) and d. Post-discharge stage for the convenience of this study. Antibiotic practice in all categories during all periods mentioned were compared and evaluated. Results: More than two antibiotics were given in a single patient in 48.1% of clean and 51.9% of contaminated patients in a combination or sequentially. More than 3 antibiotics were used in a single patient. On the average total number (mean) of antibiotic use was more than two (2.64 +1.09). The highest number (mean) of antibiotics was used in contaminated category (3.29) with range of (0-7). Overall total duration (mean) of antibiotic used was 17.40 days.
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Diagnostic Yield of Endoscopic Ultrasonography–Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (Eus-Fna) for Solid Pancreatic Masses
Diagnostic Yield of Endoscopic Ultrasonography–Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (Eus-Fna) for Solid Pancreatic Masses
sara Ghani, Mouna Salihoun, Hadj Omar El Malki , Mohamed Acharki, Nawal Kabbaj
Background:
Endoscopic ultrasound-Fine-needle aspiration (EUS)-FNA is one of the most sensitive and accurate modalities, for detecting and staging pancreatic masses and for obtaining a histological diagnosis. Our studies aim to assess the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA in solid pancreatic masses.
METHODS: Forty-five patients with solid pancreatic masses on imagery were included out of 230 EUS performed between September 2018 and January 2020. All the patients, underwent EUS-FNA using 19G or 22G needles. All the masses were divided into 2 groups based on mass size: group A (< 30 mm) and group B (> 30mm). Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were respectively evaluated. The specificity and positive predictive value were 100% in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, and the significance level was set at p <0.05.
RESULTS: Overall, sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy were significantly higher in group B (80,7% vs 46% (p=0,01), and 89,2% vs 58,8%(p=0,02)). Only the sensitivity was significantly higher with 19 G (p=0,02) in group A. In group B, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy were higher with 22G (71% vs 50% (p=0,6), 93,3% vs 69,5% (p=0,5), despite more passes were performed with 22G (2,55 ± 0,59 vs 1,96 ± 0,56 p = 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of getting a negative EUS-FNA is 6,46 times higher in group A (p=0,009).
CONCLUSION: The diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA is correlated at the pancreatic mass size and the risk to get a negative EUS-FNA is 6,46 times higher for masses <30mm.
KEYWORDS: EUS-FNA, Solid mass, Needle size, Puncture route, Lesion size.
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Benign cystic mesothelioma: unknown cause of abdominal mass
Benign cystic mesothelioma: unknown cause of abdominal mass
Najlae Benjelloun, M. Salihoun, I. Serraj, M. Acharki, S. Sassi, K. Znati, Y. Bakali, F. Sabbah,...
Benign cystic mesothelioma (BCM) is a rare and benign disease that arises from the peritoneal mesothelium. It occurs predominantly in young to middle-aged women. The majority of cases were associated with a history of abdominal or pelvic operation, an endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear. Malignant transformation is extremely rare with only two cases reported in the literature. Like the etiology, the name of this entity is also controversial. Some authors prefer the term “peritoneal inclusion cyst” instead of “benign multicystic mesothelioma” and argue that the term mesothelioma should only be used when there is evidence of atypia. Most cases of BCM are discovered incidentally. Others reflect sequela of tumor mass effect. It appears intra-operatively as large, multi-focal, cystic lesions in the peritoneal and pelvic cavity. Diagnosis is achieved through surgical sampling with histopathological examination. Immunobiologically, BCM exhibits multiple small cystic spaces with flattened lining containing calretinin positive cells without atypical features, mitotic figures, or tissue invasion. Treatment includes cytoreductive surgery. We report on a 38-yearold woman who presented an abdominal mass discovered incidentally. Laparoscopic exploration revealed two cystic masses. The whole tumor was successfully excised and histopathology revealed benign cystic peritoneal mesothelioma.
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Alcohol and Noncommunicable Diseases: Part I Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity, Respiratory Diseases, Depression, Liver Diseases
Alcohol and Noncommunicable Diseases: Part I Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity, Respiratory Diseases, Depression, Liver Diseases
Shashi K. Agarwal
Alcohol is a popular drink and is consumed globally. It has received considerable scrutiny in its effect on health. Although its relationship with most cardiovascular diseases is J/U shaped, in general, alcohol intake can increase the risk of several diseases. Heavy intake may induce weight gain. Although no definite relationship has been noted with COPD, asthma, and lung cancer, it does appear to increase the propensity for the development of pneumonia. Its use is strongly related to chronic liver disorders. Its relationship with depression is bidirectional, and deleterious for both conditions. In general, alcohol intake of 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women appears to be relatively safe.
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Alcohol and Noncommunicable Diseases: Part II Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, Kidney Diseases, Alzheimer’s Disease, Arthritis
Alcohol and Noncommunicable Diseases: Part II Cancer, Diabetes Mellitus, Kidney Diseases, Alzheimer’s Disease, Arthritis
Shashi K. Agarwal
Excessive alcohol consumption is common. It leads to the development of several NCDs and is associated with considerable disability and high mortality. Its intake has been linked with an increase in many cancers, including the common breast and prostate cancer. Light-to-moderate drinking is associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, but excessive alcohol consumption leads to increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. Compared with no consumption, moderate consumption of alcohol-associated with a reduced risk of CKD. However, the association with heavy alcohol intake and CKD is not clear, although it also appears to be overall inverse in nature. Excessive alcohol intake also targets the brain and promotes AD – although mild to moderate intake may be safe. Alcohol consumption is negatively associated with the prevalence of knee OA. There appears to be an inverse association between alcohol consumption and RA incidence. Alcohol consumption, usually when taken in more than a moderate amount. may also trigger gout. In general, alcohol intake in low to moderate amounts appears to be safe for NCDs described in this communication, except for cancer, where no amount is a safe amount.
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